ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka pauka hao a me ka pauka nickel no ka hoʻopili laser

I loko o ke kāpili laser o nā ʻāpana hao i hoʻolei ʻia, ʻo ke koho ʻana o ka pauka hao a me ka pauka nickel e pili pono ana i ka hana, nā hiʻohiʻona noi a me ke kumukūʻai o ka papa cladding. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā mea ʻelua e hōʻike ʻia ana i ka haku mele ʻana, ka hana, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana a me nā hiʻohiʻona noi, penei:

1. Nā ʻokoʻa o nā mea hoʻohui

2. Hoʻohālikelike Hana Koʻikoʻi

1) Nā waiwai mīkini

Pauka hao:

• Paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe (HRC 30-60, me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka haku mele, ʻo ke ʻano Cr kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ke ʻano Mo ke hiki i ka HRC 50 a i ʻole ma luna), kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka ʻaʻahu;

• ʻO ka ikaika e kokoke ana i ko ka matrix hao i hoʻolei ʻia (ikaika tensile 500-1000MPa), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka metallurgical me ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia, a kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ma waena o ka papa cladding a me ka matrix (maʻamau >300MPa);

• ʻO ke ʻano brittleness waena, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe paha ke loaʻa i kekahi ʻano māwae (pono e kaohi ʻia ke kaʻina hana cladding e hōʻemi i ke kaumaha).

Pauka i hoʻokumu ʻia me ka nikala:

• Paʻakikī waena (HRC 20-45, palupalu ke ʻano metala haʻahaʻa, hiki i ke ʻano Cr kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ke ʻano W ke hiki i ka HRC 40-50), akā paʻakikī maikaʻi loa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa hopena ma mua o ka pauka hao;

• ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ikaika tensile ma mua o ka pauka hao kiʻekiʻe (400-800MPa), akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka plasticity (elongation>10%, ʻo ka pauka hao maʻamau he

• ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ikaika o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia (ʻo 200-300MPa ka maʻamau), akā haʻahaʻa ka ʻike o ka māwae, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hana i nā māwae anu (ma muli o ke ʻano paʻakikī a me ke ʻano haʻahaʻa o ke kaumaha o ka nickel).

2) Ke kū'ē'ē i ka palaho

Pauka hao: kūpaʻa waena i ka pala. Loaʻa i ka pauka hao maʻamau (Cr haʻahaʻa) ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka pala o ka lewa a me ka wai maʻemaʻe, akā hiki ke popo i nā wahi waikawa a me ka alkaline. ʻO ke ʻano Cr kiʻekiʻe (ʻike Cr > 12%) ua hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i like ka maikaʻi me ka pauka nickel.

Pauka i hoʻokumu ʻia me ka nickel: kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka palaho, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā wahi mahana kiʻekiʻe, humid, acidic a me alkaline (e like me ka waikawa organik, alkali nāwaliwali) (no ka mea ʻo Ni a me Cr e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide mānoanoa), kūpono no nā kūlana corrosive.

3) Ke kū'ē wela

Pauka hao: ke kūpaʻa wela maʻamau, ʻo ka mahana hana lōʻihi he

Pauka nickel: kūpaʻa wela ikaika, hiki ke hana paʻa i kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe o 600-1000 ℃ (e like me ka pauka nickel e loaʻa ana nā mea Cr a me W, maikaʻi loa ka anti-oxidation a me ke kūpaʻa luhi wela).

4) Hoʻohālikelike me ka matrix hao hao

Pauka hao: kokoke i ke koina hoʻonui wela o ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia (Fe-based) (ʻo ka pauka hao ma kahi o 11-14 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃, ʻo ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia ma kahi o 10-12 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃), liʻiliʻi ke kaumaha wela i ka wā o ke kāpili ʻana, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka haki ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻonui wela (kūpono loa no ka papa kāpili mānoanoa).

Pauka i hoʻokumu ʻia me ka nikala: He kiʻekiʻe iki ke koina hoʻonui wela (ma kahi o 13-16 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃), he ʻokoʻa iki ia mai ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia. He maʻalahi ke haki ma muli o ke kaumaha wela i ka wā o ka uhi mānoanoa, pono e hoʻomaha ʻia e ka hoʻomehana mua ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻalili lohi a i ʻole ka uhi papa.

3. Nā ʻokoʻa i ka hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kaʻina hana

Pauka hao:

• ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka mana laser, ka wai waena o ka loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, maʻalahi ke hana i kahi papa cladding pālahalaha;

• Loaʻa nā mea deoxidizing e like me Si a me B, he kiʻekiʻe ke ahonui i nā haumia e like me C a me S i ka hao hao (ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hana i nā pores);

• He paʻakikī iki ke kaohi ʻana i ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka papa cladding (ka hapa o ka metala kumu i hui ʻia i loko o ka papa cladding), ʻo ka maʻamau ka kaohi ʻia ma 10%-20% (hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe loa ke hōʻemi i ka paʻakikī).

Pauka i hoʻokumu ʻia me ka nikala:

• ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka laser, ka wai wai hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi (ʻoi aku ka pauka nickel-based i loaʻa iā B a me Si), maʻalahi ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka papa cladding lahilahi a like;

• ʻIke i ka C i loko o ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia. Inā he kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ke kalapona o ka matrix (e like me ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia hina), maʻalahi ke hana i nā ʻāpana palupalu (e like me nā carbides pūnaewele) ma muli o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o C i loko o ka papa cladding. Pono e kāohi pono i nā palena laser (e like me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka mana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wikiwiki scan) e hōʻemi i ka helu dilution (pono pinepine ʻia ma lalo o 10%);

• Maʻalahi ke hana me ka sulfur (S) i loko o ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia e hana i ka eutectic haʻahaʻa-hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (e like me Ni₃S₂), e hopena ana i nā māwae wela. Pono e hōʻoia i ka wehe ʻia ʻana o nā sulfides o ka ʻili i ka wā o ka mālama mua ʻana o nā ʻāpana hao i hoʻolei ʻia.

4. Nā hiʻohiʻona kumukūʻai a me nā noi

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

• ʻOi aku ka makemake o ka pauka hao: ke alualu ʻia ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻaʻahu, a ʻaʻole koi nā kūlana hana i ka pala ikaika a i ʻole ka mahana kiʻekiʻe (e like me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻāpana mīkini maʻamau).

• ʻOi aku ka makemake o ka pauka nickel: ke koi ʻia ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala, ke kūpaʻa wela a i ʻole ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, a ʻae ʻia nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe (e like me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā ʻāpana hao hoʻolei pololei ma lalo o nā kūlana hana kūikawā).