Ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano mea a me nā ʻano kūpono no ka ʻenehana quenching laser

I. Nā mea hao Ferrous (ʻo ia ka hoʻohana nui loa i kēia manawa)

1. Ke kila kalapona waena a kiʻekiʻe (ʻike kalapona 0.3% ~ 0.8%), nā mea maʻamau:

45 kila (kila kūkulu kalapona waena kiʻekiʻe), i kapa ʻia ʻo S45C ma nā kūlana JIS, ASTM 1045/080M46, a me DIN C45, he kila kūkulu kalapona premium me kēia ʻano kemika: 0.42-0.50% kalapona (C), 0.17-0.37% silicon (Si), 0.50-0.80% manganese (Mn), a me ≤0.25% chromium (Cr). Hōʻike kēia mea hana maʻalahi i ka hana anu/wela maikaʻi loa, nā waiwai mechanical kiʻekiʻe, ka pono o ke kumukūʻai, a me ka loaʻa ākea, e hoʻohana nui ʻia ai i nā noi ʻoihana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kona palena mua aia i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e hāʻawi ana iā ia i kūpono ʻole no nā ʻāpana hana e koi ana i nā ana ʻāpana nui a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe.

Ke kila T8: He kila kila kalapona eutectoid e hōʻike ana i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu ma hope o ka quenching a me ka tempering, ʻoiai he mau palena kona e pili ana i ka haʻahaʻa o ka paʻakikī wela, ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa, a me ka maʻalahi i ka hoʻololi wela i ka wā o ka mīkini. Ua kūlike kēia mea me nā kūlana moʻo GB/T 1298, nona ka nui o ke kalapona ma waena o 0.75% a me 0.84%, e kūpono ai no ka hana ʻana i nā make anu maʻalahi a me nā mea ʻoki. Pono ke kaʻina hana quenching i ka hoʻoluʻu wai ma 780-800 ℃°C, ʻoiai ʻo ka tempering ma luna o 250 ℃°C e hōʻoia i ka paʻa o ka dimensional. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻia no nā noi e koi ana i ke kūpaʻa o ka ukana hopena.

65Mn kila: He huahana kila puna me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela a me ka hoʻopaʻakikī ʻana i ke anu, e hāʻawi ana i ka maʻalahi a me ka plasticity maikaʻi. Ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻili like a me ka hoʻopaʻakikī piha, ua kūlike kona palena luhi me nā pūnāwai alloy ʻelima kala. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka paʻakikī maikaʻi ʻole, hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no nā pūnāwai liʻiliʻi e like me nā pūnāwai hoʻoponopono kaomi/hoʻoponopono wikiwiki, nā pūnāwai ana ikaika, nā pūnāwai helical poepoe/rectangular mechanical maʻamau, a i ʻole nā ​​​​puna kila i huki ʻia e ka uea no nā mīkini liʻiliʻi. Hopena Hoʻopaʻakikī: Hiki i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili i 55-65 HRC me ka hohonu o ka papa paʻakikī 0.2 ~ 1.5mm, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻonohonoho martensitic like a me ka pale ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu i hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia (e laʻa, hoʻonui ke ola o ke kila 45 i 4-6 mau manawa ma hope o ka quenching). Kūpono no nā kia, nā pine, a me nā ʻāpana koʻokoʻo. ʻAno hana: Hoʻokumu ka lawa ʻana o ke kalapona i ka martensite nui, kahi e hele ai i ka austenitization piha i ka wā o ka hoʻomehana laser wikiwiki a hoʻokō i ka hoʻololi piha ʻana ma o ka quenching hoʻomaʻalili ponoʻī.

2. Ke kila hoʻonohonoho me ka huila (e hoʻohui iā Cr, Ni, Mo a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), nā mea maʻamau:

40Cr: (Aia ka 40Cr ma lalo o ka māhele o "kila hoʻonohonoho alloy" e like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia ma GB3077. Loaʻa i kēia kila he 0.37%-0.44% kalapona, haʻahaʻa iki ma mua o ke kila 45, me ka ʻike Si a me Mn like. Loaʻa iā ia he 0.80%-1.10% Cr. I nā noi ʻōwili wela, ʻaʻole pono kēia ʻike 1% Cr, no ka mea, hōʻike nā papa ʻelua i nā waiwai mechanical like. No ka mea, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o 40Cr ma kahi o ka hapalua o ke kila 45, ʻo nā noʻonoʻo waiwai e alakaʻi pinepine i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila 45 i ka wā hiki.

35CrMo: ʻO 35CrMo kahi code kikoʻī no ke kila kūkulu alloy (alloy quenched and tempered steel), e kūlike ana me ke kūlana Kelemania 1.7220, ke kūlana Pelekane 708A37, ke kūlana Farani 35CD4, a pēlā aku, me ka hoʻokō ʻana iā GB/T 3077-2015. Loaʻa iā ia kahi like kalapona o 0.72%, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia e pono ai nā ana hoʻomehana mua. Hōʻike kēia kila i ka ikaika static kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī hopena, me ka ikaika tensile ≥985MPa a me ka ikaika hua ≥835MPa, hiki ke kū i nā mahana hana lōʻihi a hiki i ka 500 ℃. He kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana mīkini ukana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā pahu pahu, nā crankshafts, nā koʻokoʻo hoʻohui, a me nā spindles turbine mahu i nā wili wili.

20CrMnTi: He kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka nui o ke kalapona o 0.17%-0.24%, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā kaʻa no nā kia hoʻoili. Ma ke ʻano he kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka paʻakikī waena (Cr-Mn-Ti), hōʻike ia i ka paʻakikī koʻikoʻi me ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻakikī hopena haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe. Hana kūikawā ʻia no ka paʻakikī ʻana o ka carburization ʻili, hōʻike kēia kila i ka machinability maikaʻi loa me ka liʻiliʻi o ka deformation a me ke kūpaʻa luhi koʻikoʻi. ʻO kāna mau noi nui e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana shaft, nā ʻāpana piston, a me nā ʻāpana kūikawā no nā kaʻa a me nā mokulele.

Ka hopena hoʻopau ʻana: Hiki i ka paʻakikī ke piʻi i ka 60 ~ 70 HRC, ka hohonu o ka papa paʻakikī 0.3 ~ 2mm, hoʻomaikaʻi nā mea hao i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa i ka corrosion (e like me ka 35CrMo gear ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ikaika luhi i hoʻonui ʻia e 30%).

Nānā: Hiki i ka nui o ka ʻike alloy ke hōʻemi i ka helu omo laser, no laila he mea pono e hoʻonui i ka pono o ka omo ikehu ma o ka mālama ʻeleʻele ʻana (e like me ka phosphating a me ka uhi ʻana).

3. Hao hoʻolei (hao hoʻolei hina, hao hoʻolei ductile), nā mea maʻamau:

HT300: He ʻano pearlite o ka hao hoʻolei hina ikaika kiʻekiʻe, hoʻokō i ke kūlana aupuni GB 9439-88, ʻo kona inoa "HT" e hōʻike ana i ka hao hoʻolei hina, "300" e hōʻike ana i ka ikaika tensile liʻiliʻi o kahi koʻokoʻo hoʻāʻo 30mm diameter he 300MPa.

QT600-3: ʻO QT600-3 ka hao ductile kino pearlitic, me ka ikaika waena a me ke kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī waena a me ka plasticity, ka hana piha kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi o ka ʻaʻahu a me ka damping haʻalulu, nā ʻano hana hoʻolei maikaʻi. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i kona mau waiwai ma o nā ʻano hana wela like ʻole.

Ka hopena hoʻopau ʻana: Hiki i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili ke piʻi i 45 ~ 55 HRC, ʻo ka hohonu o ka papa paʻakikī he 0.1 ~ 0.8mm, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano austenite martensite + koena a puni ka pae graphite, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki ke anti-grinding (no ka laʻana, ua hoʻemi ʻia ke koina friction o ke alahao alakaʻi mīkini ma hope o ka quenching e 20%).

II. Nā metala hao ʻole a me kā lākou mau mea hoʻohui (nā kahua noi e kū mai ana)

1. ʻO ke kinikini titanium (Ti-6Al-4V, a pēlā aku)

ʻO ke kola titanium e pili ana i nā ʻano kola like ʻole i hana ʻia me ka titanium a me nā metala ʻē aʻe. He metala kūkulu koʻikoʻi ka Titanium i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā makahiki 1950, ikaika kola titanium, kūpaʻa i ka pala, kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe.

Nā ʻano paʻakikī: Hoʻoulu ka hoʻomehana laser i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka martensite supersaturated ma luna o ka ʻili, a hoʻonui ʻia ka paʻakikī mai 300 HV a i 500 ~ 600 HV, me ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻakikī maikaʻi (kūpono no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka pahi aero-engine).

  Paʻakikī loea: Loaʻa i ka titanium alloy ke kiʻekiʻe o ka reflectivity laser (ma kahi o 70%), no laila pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka pretreatment ʻili (e like me ke oneblasting) a i ʻole ka laser ultraviolet (wavelength 355nm, reflectivity ma lalo o 30%).

2. Mea hoʻohuihui alumini (moʻo 2xxx, moʻo 7xxx)

He mea hoʻohuihui alumini kēia e loaʻa ana nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia e like me ke keleawe, silicon, magnesium, zinc, a me ka manganese. Ma o nā hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lakio o nā mea, hoʻokumu ia i ka moʻo 1XXX a i 8XXX e uhi ana i ka alumini maʻemaʻe ʻoihana a me nā mea hoʻohuihui alumini-keleawe. Hoʻokumu ʻia kāna ʻōnaehana code mokuʻāina ma luna o ʻelima mau mokuʻāina kumu e pili ana iā F (machining manuahi) a me O (annealing), me nā code kikoʻī e like me T6 e hiki ai ke kaohi pololei i ka ikaika a me nā waiwai pale i ka palaho.

ʻAno hoʻopau: Hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka hopena paʻa ma o ka hoʻomehana wikiwiki ʻana o ka laser, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pae precipitated metastable ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻalili ponoʻī (no ka laʻana, piʻi ka paʻakikī o ka 7075 alumini alloy mai 150 HV a i 220 HV ma hope o ka quenching).

Nā palena noi: He ikaika ka conductivity thermal o ka alumini alloy (ʻo ka conductivity thermal ma kahi o 200 W / m K), koi ʻia ka laser mana kiʻekiʻe (≥2 kW) e hōʻoia i ka pono o ka hoʻomehana ʻana, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana i ka deformation thermal stress.

3. Nā mea hoʻohuihui tin (keleawe, keleawe)

He mea hoʻohuihui kēia i hana ʻia me ke keleawe maʻemaʻe me hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha mau mea hou aʻe. Nā noi: Ka paʻakikī ʻana o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana pale ʻaʻahu (e laʻa, nā bearings, nā valves). Ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka laser, hana ka ʻili i kahi ʻano nanocrystalline, e hoʻonui ana i ka paʻakikī ma 15% a 30%. Eia nō naʻe, pono e kāohi ʻia ka mahana hoʻomehana e pale aku i ka palupalu ʻana o ka matrix keleawe.

III. Nā Mea Hana Kūikawā

1. Nā Mea Hana Metallurgy Pauka (e laʻa me nā ʻāpana hao a me ke keleawe i hana ʻia me ka pauka metallurgical) Nā Pōmaikaʻi: Hiki i ka ʻōnaehana porous ke mālama i ka ʻaila lubricating, me ka ʻili e lilo i mea mānoanoa ma hope o ka laser quenching. Hoʻonui ka paʻakikī mai 20-30 HRC a i 50-55 HRC, e kūpono ai no nā bearings self-lubricating.

2. Nā Mea Uhi ʻIli (e laʻa, nā uhi ʻūlū wela a me nā papa uhi) Nā Hoʻohana Maʻamau: Ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka laser o nā uhi WC-Co i pīpī ʻia ma luna o nā ʻili kila kalapona, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻano hui "martensite matrix + cemented carbide phase", e hoʻokō ana i ka paʻakikī ma mua o 1000 HV. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea i nā ʻāpana pale ʻaʻahu o nā mīkini mining.

IV. Nā mea kūpono ʻole no ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka laser

Ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa (ʻike kalapona Ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka nui o ke kalapona, ua liʻiliʻi ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka martensitic, e hopena ana i nā hopena paʻakikī maikaʻi ʻole (piʻi ka paʻakikī

Ke kila kila austenitic maʻemaʻe (e laʻa, 316L): ʻAʻohe ona hiki ke hoʻololi martensitic. ʻO ka hoʻomehana laser wale nō ke kumu o ka paʻakikī o ka hana me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka paʻakikī palena (ma kahi o 15% -20%).